<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4508084660334868421</id><updated>2011-07-29T00:19:34.986-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Imanuel Voice</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>I've Community</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_dgGAJujlxn4/S5Dvj8_ahGI/AAAAAAAAAAY/46tSpsuokDc/S220/Penguins.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>8</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4508084660334868421.post-1948981883569149954</id><published>2010-03-06T04:48:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-06T04:48:25.687-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Makhluk-Makhluk Bercahaya</title><content type='html'>Thomas Edison adalah seorang ilmuwan terbesar di dunia. Sekitar seratus dua puluh tahun telah berlalu sejak ia menemukan bola lampu. Dalam masa ini, bola lampu telah menjadi bagian penting kehidupan manusia. Kini, jutaan bola lampu mungil bersama-sama menerangi kota-kota besar di seluruh dunia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Penerangan menjadi suatu simbul penting bagi peradaban ini. Namun, ada sumber penerangan lain. Kita tentunya pernah menjumpai cahaya kecil yang menerangi kegelapan malam hari. Cahayanya begitu kuat dan terang, namun sumber penerangan ini sangatlah berbeda dengan bola lampu. Bahkan ia sama sekali bukanlah benda, melainkan makhluk hidup. Ia adalah seekor kunang-kunang. Makhluk kecil ini menghasilkan cahaya dalam tubuhnya meski ia tidak memiliki bola lampu. Meskipun tidak menggunakan listrik, ia memiliki teknologi yang jauh lebih hebat. Teknologi ini lebih efektif dari bola lampu yang mampu merubah sepuluh persen saja dari energinya menjadi cahaya, sedangkan sembilan puluh persen sisanya berubah dan hilang menjadi panas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sebaliknya, kunang-kunang mampu menghasilkan hampir seratus persen cahaya dari energi yang ada. Ini dikarenakan disain sempurna pada sistem penghasil cahaya yang dimilikinya. Tubuhnya berisi zat kimia khusus bernama lusiferin, dan enzim yang disebut lusiferase. Untuk menghasilkan cahaya, dua zat kimia ini bercampur, dan percampuran ini menghasilkan energi dalam bentuk cahaya. Molekul kompleks ini telah didisain secara khusus untuk memancarkan cahaya. Penempatan setiap atom yang membentuk molekul tersebut telah ditentukan sesuai dengan tujuan ini. Tidak ada keraguan bahwa disain biokimia ini bukanlah sebuah kebetulan. Ia sengaja diciptakan secara khusus. Sebagaimana Allah telah memberi semua makhluk hidup ciri mereka masing-masing, Dia juga telah mengajarkan kunang-kunang cara membuat cahaya.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tapi, untuk apakah kunang-kunang membuat cahaya melalui teknologi yang sedemikian maju. Untuk menemukan jawaban atas pertanyaan ini, kita harus mengamati lebih dekat sekawanan kunang-kunang. Sekelompok kunang-kunang dalam jumlah besar, hingga ratusan ribu, di malam hari memunculkan pemandangan yang membuat kita seolah sedang berjalan di bawah bintang-bintang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cahaya ini sangatlah penting bagi kunang-kunang sebagai alat komunikasi. Sepanjang sejarah, manusia telah menggunakan berbagai sarana untuk berkomunikasi. Salah satunya adalah sandi morse, yang terdiri atas kombinasi sinyal panjang dan pendek, dan dipakai pada telegram. Kunang-kunang menggunakan sinyal cahaya untuk berkomunikasi, cara yang menyerupai sandi morse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kunang-kunang jantan menyalakan dan memadamkan cahayanya untuk mengirim pesan kepada sang betina. Pesan ini berisi kode tertentu. Dan kunang-kunang betina menggunakan kode yang sama untuk mengirim pesan balasan kepada sang jantan. Sebagai hasil dari pesan timbal-balik ini, sang jantan dan betina mendekat satu sama lain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sejak saat ia dilahirkan, tiap kunang-kunang mengetahui bagaimana berkirim pesan dengan cara ini, dan bagaimana memahami pesan yang dikirim oleh yang lain. Singkatnya, masing-masing dari ribuan kunang-kunang yang kita lihat bersama di kegelapan malam adalah sebuah keajaiban penciptaan. Pencipta sistem yang luar biasa ini adalah Allah, Pencipta semua makhluk hidup.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Selama beberapa malam di Segitiga Bermuda, pertunjukan cahaya tengah berlangsung. Beberapa saat setelah matahari tenggelam, cahaya yang mempesona muncul di permukaan laut. Cahaya ini berasal dari cacing laut betina yang sedang berada di permukaan. Sang betina mencampurkan dua cairan kimia yang ia hasilkan dalam tubuhnya. Makhluk ini tahu bagaimana menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia untuk memproduksi cahaya dengan cara yang menakjubkan. Hasil akhirnya adalah sebuah pertunjukan cahaya yang mengagumkan. Cacing betina melakukan ini untuk menarik perhatian sang jantan. Makhluk yang sedang mendekat dengan cahaya kecilnya yang terang adalah cacing laut jantan. Sepuluh menit kemudian, permukaan laut telah tertutupi oleh ratusan betina yang memancarkan cahaya terang. Jika bulan keluar dari balik awan dan menerangi permukaan laut, mereka kembali ke kedalaman lautan. Dua puluh menit kemudian pertunjukan ini berakhir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jika kita ingin menyaksikan tempat sesungguhnya, di mana binatang menggunakan cahaya untuk berkomunikasi, maka kita harus pergi ke tempat paling gelap di bumi, yaitu dasar lautan. Kapal selam ini didisain khusus untuk dapat menyelam hingga kedalaman enam ratus meter. Sinar matahari tidak dapat menembus kedalaman di bawah dua ratus meter. Di sinilah tempat paling gelap di bumi. Tekanannya dua puluh kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan di permukaan laut. Anda mungkin berpikir bahwa tak ada yang mampu hidup dalam kondisi ini. Namun sebuah pemandangan menakjubkan muncul ketika terlihat suatu sinyal cahaya dari luar kapal selam. Tiba-tiba muncul cahaya dari kegelapan dasar lautan, dengan kata lain terdapat makhluk-makhluk hidup yang menjawab cahaya dengan cahaya, dan berkomunikasi dengan cara memancarkan cahaya dalam kegelapan ini. Dengan melihat makhluk ini dari dekat, anda akan melihat keagungan ciptaan Allah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di dasar lautan terdapat makhluk mengagumkan yang memancarkan cahaya merah. Ia adalah seekor ubur-ubur. Pertunjukan cahaya dari spesies lain yang berada di bagian lebih atas menyerupai pertunjukan karya seni. Pertunjukan ini dapat dinikmati sepenuhnya setelah lampu kapal selam dimatikan. Pemandangan yang muncul adalah beragam makhluk mempesona yang bersinar dengan cahaya yang dihasilkannya sendiri. Terdapat sejenis makhluk laut yang berenang-renang sambil memancarkan cahaya tanpa seorang pun tahu apa fungsi cahaya ini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Di antara makhluk bercahaya di dasar lautan adalah ubur-ubur, yang memiliki tubuh lunak dan lembut. Tak satu pun dari mereka memiliki akal atau kecerdasaan. Tidak juga mereka tahu bagaimana cahaya dalam tubuh mereka terbentuk. Sungguh tidak rasional untuk berpikir bahwa makhluk yang demikian kompleks dengan sistemnya yang rumit muncul secara kebetulan. Tak ada keraguan bahwa makhluk ini sengaja diciptakan dengan disain khusus. Oleh karenanya, pertunjukan cahaya ini, yang datang dari ratusan meter di bawah permukaan laut,&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4508084660334868421-1948981883569149954?l=imanuelvoice.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/feeds/1948981883569149954/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/makhluk-makhluk-bercahaya.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/1948981883569149954'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/1948981883569149954'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/makhluk-makhluk-bercahaya.html' title='Makhluk-Makhluk Bercahaya'/><author><name>I've Community</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_dgGAJujlxn4/S5Dvj8_ahGI/AAAAAAAAAAY/46tSpsuokDc/S220/Penguins.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4508084660334868421.post-7367569453652514453</id><published>2010-03-05T05:07:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-05T05:07:39.464-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Lidah Bunglon Lebih Cepat daripada Pesawat Jet Tempur</title><content type='html'>Buku-buku teks zologi menjelaskan bahwa lidah balistik bunglon diperkuat oleh seutas otot pemercepat (akselerator).  Otot ini memanjang ketika menekan ke bawah pada tulang lidah, yang berupa tulang rawan kaku di tengah lidah, yang membungkusnya.  Akan tetapi, dalam sebuah penelitian yang telah disetujui untuk diterbitkan oleh majalah ilmiah Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (Series B), dua ahli morfologi yang memelajari kebiasaan makan bunglon menemukan unsur-unsur lain yang terkait dengan gerakan cepat lidah binatang ini. (1)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kedua peneliti Belanda ini, Jurriaan de Groot dari Universitas Leiden, dan Johan van Leeuwen dari Universitas Wageningen, mengambil film-film sinar X berkecepatan tinggi, yakni 500 bingkai per detik, dalam rangka menyelidiki bagaimana lidah bunglon bekerja ketika menangkap mangsa.  Film-film ini menunjukkan bahwa ujung lidah bunglon mengalami percepatan 50 g (g = konstanta gravitasi).  Percepatan ini lima kali lebih besar daripada yang dapat dicapai oleh sebuah jet tempur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para peneliti ini membedah jaringan lidah dan menemukan bahwa otot pemercepat sama sekali tidak cukup kuat untuk menghasilkan gaya yang diperlukan ini sendirian.  Dengan meneliti lidah bunglon, mereka menemukan keberadaan sedikitnya 10 bungkus licin, yang hingga saat itu belum diketahui, di antara otot pemercepat dan tulang lidah.  Bungkus-bungkus ini, yang melekat ke tulang lidah di ujungnya yang terdekat dengan mulut, teramati mengandung serat-serat protein berajutan spiral.  Serat-serat ini memadat dan berubah bentuk ketika otot pemercepat mengerut dan menyimpan tenaga bagaikan seutas pita karet yang tertekan.  Ketika mencapai ujung bulat tulang lidah, bungkus-bungkus yang ketat dan memanjang ini secara bersamaan menggelincir dan mengerut dengan kekuatan dan melontarkan lidah.  Secepat serat-serat ini menggelincir dari tulang lidah, bungkus-bungkus saling memisahkan diri bagaikan tabung-tabung sebuah teleskop, dan karena itu lidah mencapai jangkauan terjauhnya.  Van Leeuwen berkata, “ini adalah ketapel teleskopis.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ketapel ini memiliki ciri lain yang amat menyolok.  Ujung lidah mengambil bentuk hampa pada saat menghantam mangsa.  Ketika terlontar, lidah ini dapat menjulur sejauh enam kali panjangnya ketika istirahat di dalam mulut, dan dua kali panjang tubuhnya sendiri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jelaslah bahwa bungkus-bungkus yang saling terhubung pada lidah bunglon ini tidak pernah dapat dijelaskan menurut evolusi.  Dalam wacana itu, mari kita ajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.  Bagaimanakah masing-masing bungkus ini berevolusi ke tempatnya yang benar?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.  Bagaimanakah lidah tumbuh sedemikian panjang?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.  Bagaimanakah otot pemercepat muncul?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4.  Bagaimanakah bungkus-bungkus menyelaraskan gerak-geriknya sehingga membuat lidah mencapai panjang maksimumnya?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5.  Bagaimanakah bungkus-bungkus menumbuhkan kemampuan untuk “memanjangkan diri bak tabung-tabung teleskop”?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.  Bagaimanakah binatang tersebut menyatukan semua bagian ini setelah “meluncurkan” lidah?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7.  Jika lidah ini diperoleh sebagai sifat menguntungkan akibat proses evolusi, lalu mengapa sifat unggul ini tidak berkembang pada binatang-binatang lain dan mengapa binatang-binatang lain tidak memiliki cara berburu yang sama?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8.  Bagaimanakah bunglon (atau binatang yang dianggap moyang peralihannya) dapat bertahan hidup ketika semua sistem yang rumit ini diduga pelan-pelan berevolusi? (2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seorang evolusionis tidak akan memiliki jawaban bagi pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini.   menyingkapkan bahwa sistem sempurna ini bergantung pada penciptaan yang amat khusus.  Kelompok-kelompok otot dengan sifat-sifat yang berbeda secara tanpa cela melontarkan lidah, memercepatnya, menyebabkan lidah mengambil bentuk isap ketika menghantam mangsanya dan lalu cepat-cepat menariknya.  Kelompok-kelompok otot ini sama sekali tidak saling menghalangi fungsi masing-masing, namun bekerja dengan cara yang terselaraskan dalam menghantam mangsa dan menarik lidah kembali ke mulut dalam waktu kurang dari sedetik.   Tambahan lagi, berkat kerjasama antara sistem penglihatan dan otak, kedudukan mangsa diukur dan perintah bagi lidah balistik untuk “menembak!” diberikan oleh syaraf yang mengirimkan isyarat di dalam otak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sudah pasti, bunglon tidak dapat memikirkan dan merancang sendiri rancangan yang demikian rumit itu.  Penciptaan ini menyingkapkan keberadaan Allah, Sang Mahatahu dan Mahakuasa.  Tidak ada keraguan bahwa Allahlah, Yang Mahakuasa, Mahatahu, dan Mahabijaksana, Yang menciptakan bunglon.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4508084660334868421-7367569453652514453?l=imanuelvoice.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/feeds/7367569453652514453/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/lidah-bunglon-lebih-cepat-daripada.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/7367569453652514453'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/7367569453652514453'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/lidah-bunglon-lebih-cepat-daripada.html' title='Lidah Bunglon Lebih Cepat daripada Pesawat Jet Tempur'/><author><name>I've Community</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_dgGAJujlxn4/S5Dvj8_ahGI/AAAAAAAAAAY/46tSpsuokDc/S220/Penguins.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4508084660334868421.post-209193975449151715</id><published>2010-03-05T04:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-05T04:56:10.011-08:00</updated><title type='text'>CARA PANDANG TERHADAP BEBAN HIDUP</title><content type='html'>Bukan berat Beban yang membuat kita Stress, tetapi lamanya kita memikul&lt;br /&gt;beban tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;Pada saat memberikan kuliah tentang Manajemen Stress, Stephen Covey&lt;br /&gt;mengangkat segelas&lt;br /&gt;air dan bertanya kepada para siswanya: "Seberapa berat menurut anda kira&lt;br /&gt;segelas air ini?"&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Para siswa menjawab mulai dari 200 gr sampai 500 gr."Ini bukanlah masalah&lt;br /&gt;berat absolutnya,&lt;br /&gt;tapi tergantung berapa lama anda memegangnya." kata Covey.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;"Jika saya memegangnya selama 1 menit, tidak ada masalah. Jika saya&lt;br /&gt;memegangnya selama 1&lt;br /&gt;jam, lengan kanan saya akan sakit. Dan jika saya memegangnya selama 1&lt;br /&gt;hari penuh, mungkin anda&lt;br /&gt;harus memanggilkan ambulans untuk saya.Beratnya sebenarnya sama, tapi&lt;br /&gt;semakin lama saya&lt;br /&gt;memegangnya, maka bebannya akan semakin berat."&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;"Jika kita membawa beban kita terus menerus, lambat laun kita tidak akan&lt;br /&gt;mampu membawanya&lt;br /&gt;lagi. Beban itu akan meningkat beratnya." lanjut Covey.    "Apa yang&lt;br /&gt;harus kita lakukan adalah&lt;br /&gt;meletakkan gelas tersebut, istirahat sejenak sebelum mengangkatnya lagi".&lt;br /&gt;Kita harus meninggalkan&lt;br /&gt;beban kita secara periodik, agar kita dapat lebih segar dan mampu&lt;br /&gt;membawanya lagi.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Jadi sebelum pulang ke rumah dari pekerjaan sore ini, tinggalkan beban&lt;br /&gt;pekerjaan. Jangan bawa&lt;br /&gt;pulang. Beban itu dapat diambil lagi besok. Apapun beban yang ada&lt;br /&gt;dipundak anda hari ini, coba&lt;br /&gt;tinggalkan sejenak jika bisa. Setelah beristirahat nanti dapat diambil&lt;br /&gt;lagi.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Hidup ini singkat, jadi cobalah menikmatinya dan memanfaatkannya...!! Hal&lt;br /&gt;terindah dan terbaik&lt;br /&gt;di dunia ini tak dapat dilihat, atau disentuh, tapi dapat dirasakan jauh&lt;br /&gt;di relung hati kita.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Start the day with smile and have a good day........&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4508084660334868421-209193975449151715?l=imanuelvoice.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/feeds/209193975449151715/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/cara-pandang-terhadap-beban-hidup.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/209193975449151715'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/209193975449151715'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/cara-pandang-terhadap-beban-hidup.html' title='CARA PANDANG TERHADAP BEBAN HIDUP'/><author><name>I've Community</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_dgGAJujlxn4/S5Dvj8_ahGI/AAAAAAAAAAY/46tSpsuokDc/S220/Penguins.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4508084660334868421.post-4281215643872737489</id><published>2010-03-05T04:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-05T04:12:32.447-08:00</updated><title type='text'>avertebrata</title><content type='html'>Klasifikasi Hewan Kerajaan/Kingdom Animalia - Pembagian Jenis/Macam atau&lt;br /&gt;Kategori Binatang Terbagi Menjadi 10 Filum/Phylum Hewan atau animal yang kita kenal selama ini dapat dibagi manjadi sepuluh macam filum / phylum yaitu protozoa, porifera, coelenterata, platyhelminthes, nemathelminthes, annelida, mollusca, echinodermata, arthropoda dan chordata.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Phylum / Filum Protozoa atau Protosoa&lt;br /&gt;Protozoa adalah hewan bersel satu karena hanya memiliki satu sel saja alias bersel tunggal dengan ukuran yang mikroskopis hanya dapat dilihat dengan mikroskop. Protozoa dapat hidup di air atau di dalam tubuh makhluk hidup atau organisme lain sebagai parasit.&lt;br /&gt;Hidupnya dapat sendiri atau soliter atau beramai-ramai atau koloni. Contohnya : amuba / amoebia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Phylum / Filum Porifera&lt;br /&gt;Porifera adalah binatang atau hewan berpori karena tubuhnya berpori-pori mirip spon dengan bintang karakter terkenal spongebob squarepants hidup di air dengan memakanmakanan dari air yang disaring oleh organ tubuhnya. Contohnya : bunga karang, spons,&lt;br /&gt;grantia.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Phylum / Filum Coelenterata&lt;br /&gt;Coelenterata adalah hewan berongga bersel banyak yang memiliki tentakel contohnya seperti ubur-ubur dan polip. Simetris tubuh coelenterata adalah simetris bilateral hidup di laut.&lt;br /&gt;Contohnya yaitu hydra, koral, polip dan jellyfish atau ubur-ubur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Phylum / Filum Platyhelminthes&lt;br /&gt;Platyhelminthes adalah binatang sejenis cacing pipih dengan simetri tubuh simetris bilateral tanpa peredaran darah dengan pusat syarah yang berpasangan. Cacing pipih kebanyakan sebagai biang timbulnya penyakit karena hidup sebagai parasit pada binatang / hewan atau manusia. Contohnya antara lain seperti planaria, cacing pita, cacing hati, polikladida.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Phylum / Filum Nemathelminthes&lt;br /&gt;Nemathelminthes atau cacing gilik / gilig adalah hewan yang memiliki tubuh simetris bilateral dengan saluran pencernaan yang baik namun tiak ada sistem peredaran darah.&lt;br /&gt;Contoh cacing gilik : cacing askaris, cacing akarm cacing tambang, cacing filaria.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Phylum / Filum Annelida atau Anelida Annelida adalah cacing gelang dengan tubuh yang terdiri atas segmen-segmen dengan berbagai sistem organ tubuh yang baik dengan sistem peredaran darah tertutup. Annelida sebagian besar memiliki dua kelamin sekaligus dalam satu tubuh atau hermafrodit.&lt;br /&gt;Contohnya yakni cacing tanah, cacing pasir, cacing kipas, lintah / leeches.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Phylum / Filum Mollusca atau Molusca / Moluska&lt;br /&gt;Mollusca adalah hewan bertubuh lunak tanpa segmen dengan tubuh yang lunak dan biasanya memiliki pelindung tubuh yang berbentuk cangkang atau cangkok yang terbuat dari zat kapur untuk perlindungan diri dari serangan predator dan gangguan lainnya. Contoh molluska : kerang, nautilus, gurita, cumi-cumi, sotong, siput darat, siput laut, chiton&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. Phylum / Filum Echinodermata atau Ecinodermata&lt;br /&gt;Echinonermata adalah binatang berkulit duri yang hidup di wilayah laut dengan jumlah lengan lima buah bersimetris tubuh simetris radial. Beberapa organ tubuh echinodermata sudah berkembang dengan baik. Misalnya teripang / tripang / ketimun laut, bulu babi, bintang ular, dolar pasir, bintang laut, lilia laut.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. Phylum / Filum Arthropoda&lt;br /&gt;Arthropoda adalah hewan dengan kaki beruas-ruas dengan sistem saraf tali dan organ tubuh telah berkembang dengan baik. Tubuh artropoda terbagi atas segmen-segmen yang berbeda dengan sistem peredaran darah terbuka. Contoh : laba-laba, lipan, kalajengking, jangkrik, belalang, caplak, bangsat, kaki seribu, udang, lalat / laler, kecoa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DAFTAR PUSTAKA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http:// www.organisasi. org&lt;br /&gt;http://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa031600a.htm&lt;br /&gt;http://wikipedia.com/kerajaan(biologi)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4508084660334868421-4281215643872737489?l=imanuelvoice.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/feeds/4281215643872737489/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/avertebrata.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/4281215643872737489'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/4281215643872737489'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/avertebrata.html' title='avertebrata'/><author><name>I've Community</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_dgGAJujlxn4/S5Dvj8_ahGI/AAAAAAAAAAY/46tSpsuokDc/S220/Penguins.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4508084660334868421.post-4698134725023665584</id><published>2010-03-05T03:17:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-05T03:17:26.216-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Pendaratan di bulan</title><content type='html'>Pesawat rusia yang pertama kali mendarat lunak(soft landing) di bulan ialah LUNIK IX pada bulan februari 1966.pendaratan di bulan oleh rusia disusul dengan pendaratan robot yang di beri nama LUNOKHOT.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LUNOKHOT  1 di daratkan pada tanggal 17 november 1970.kendaraan beroda delapan tanpa manusia ini dapat berjalaan di permukaan bulan dengan menggunakan tenaga listrik yang di bangkitkan oleh tenaga matahari .lunokhot di kendalikan dari bumi,melalui monitor ,pengemudi melihat daerah yang akan di lalui lunokhot  dengan kamera yang di pasang di bagian depan kendaraan tersebut.&lt;br /&gt;Karena sumber tenaganya matahari maka kendaraan ini hanya berjalan jika bagian bulan ditempatnya sedang siang,jadi paling lama setengan bulan.jika malam hari di bagian itu lunokhot beristirahat ,baru keesokan harinya (sama dengan setengah bulan di bumi),&lt;br /&gt;Lunokhot dapat berjalan lagi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pendaratan di bulan oleh amerika yang patut di catat mulai dengan pendaratan Apollo XI .&lt;br /&gt;Apollo XI di luncurkan dari cape Canaveral(kemudian di beri nama cape kennedy) dengan menggunakan roket saturnus bertingkat tiga.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pesawat Apollo ditempatkan di bagian puncak roket itu,peluncuran di laksanakan pada tanggal 16 juli 1969 dengan tiga awak pesawat ,yaitu Michael Collin  sebagai komandan,Neil Alden Amstrong ,Dan Edwin Aldrin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tanggal 21 juli 1969 pukul 09.56 WIB tercatat sebagai detik pertama manusia bumi menginjak kan kakinya di bulan.pendarat pertama ialah astronot amerika serikat Neil alden Amstrong yang lima belas menit kemudian di susul oleh pendarat kedua Edwin Aldrin.Sementara itu pesawat Command Module dengan pilotnya Michael Collins tetap mengorbit bulan.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4508084660334868421-4698134725023665584?l=imanuelvoice.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/feeds/4698134725023665584/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/pendaratan-di-bulan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/4698134725023665584'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/4698134725023665584'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/pendaratan-di-bulan.html' title='Pendaratan di bulan'/><author><name>I've Community</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_dgGAJujlxn4/S5Dvj8_ahGI/AAAAAAAAAAY/46tSpsuokDc/S220/Penguins.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4508084660334868421.post-7586616539601071719</id><published>2010-03-05T03:14:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-05T03:14:15.686-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Gempa dan gelombang Gempa</title><content type='html'>Gempa dan gelombang Gempa&lt;br /&gt;Gempa adalah sentakan asli pada kerak bumi sebagai gejala pengiring dari aktivitas tektonisme maupun vulkanisme  dan kadang-kadang runtuhan bagian bumi secara local.Yang dapat di rasakan waktu gempa itu terjadi ialah getaran bumi tempat kita berada pada saat itu,bumi di goyang ke samping dan ke atas,itulah gelombang gempa yang sampai pada tempat kita.&lt;br /&gt;Ada 3 macam gelombang gempa yaitu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.Gelombang Longitudinal&lt;br /&gt;Gelombang gempa yang merambat dari sumber gempa ke segala arah dengan kecepatan 7-14 km per detik.gelombang ini pertama di catat dengan seismograf dan yang pertama kali dirasakan orang di daerah gempa,sehingga di namakan gelombang primer.&lt;br /&gt;Kemudian gelombang longitudinal diikuti oleh gelombang transversal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.Gelombang Transversal &lt;br /&gt;Gelombang yang sejalan dengan gelombang primer dengan kecepatan 4-7 km per detik ,dinamakan juga gelombang sekunder.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3.Gelombang panjang atau gelombang permukaan &lt;br /&gt;Gelombang gempa yang merambat di permukaan bumi dengan kecepatan sekitar 3,5-3,9 km per detik.gelombang inilah yang paling banyak menimbulkan kerusakan&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4508084660334868421-7586616539601071719?l=imanuelvoice.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/feeds/7586616539601071719/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/gempa-dan-gelombang-gempa.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/7586616539601071719'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/7586616539601071719'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/gempa-dan-gelombang-gempa.html' title='Gempa dan gelombang Gempa'/><author><name>I've Community</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_dgGAJujlxn4/S5Dvj8_ahGI/AAAAAAAAAAY/46tSpsuokDc/S220/Penguins.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4508084660334868421.post-8315730262965015655</id><published>2010-03-04T20:46:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-04T20:46:18.475-08:00</updated><title type='text'>West Papua’s Cry for Freedom</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;T&lt;/b&gt;he Australian Federal Treasure, Senator Peter Costello told ABC Radio recently: “West Papua has always been part of Indonesia. Ever since Indonesia has existed as an independent country West Papua had always been part of Indonesia whereas, East Timor, of course was not”. Of course, it is utterly untrue and misleading. The Australian Government thrives on deception and distortion of facts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Clearly a little historical perspective is in order. West Papua which forms the western half of the island of Niugini (New Guinea or ‘Nueva Guinea’) was colonised by the Netherlands until 1962. The eastern half of the Island is known as Papua New Guinea, and was colonised by Australia. On September 16th 1975, Australia granted full independence to Papua New Guinea, although Canberra continues to interfere in the affairs of Papua New Guinea. Unlike Indonesia and Australia, the Island of New Guinea is inhabited by Melanesian people, with some 240 different tribes, each with its own language and culture. The tropical Island of New Guinea is the most biologically diverse habitat in the world, second only to the Amazon region. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;While Indonesia gained its independence from the Netherlands in 1949, it was on 01 October 1962, the Dutch handed over the territory of West Papua to a United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA). On 01 May1963, with tacit support (heavy pressure on the UN) of the US Administration Indonesia took control of the territory from the UNTEA. Many argued that the takeover of West Papua was an invasion by the Indonesian military. The territory was renamed West Irian and then Irian Jaya. Under the 1962 New York Agreement, Indonesia was required to organize a referendum to seek the consent of West Papuans for Indonesian rule. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;In 1969, while many prominent West Papuan leaders were in prison, the Indonesian military hand-picked just over one thousand West Papuans tribal leaders for the so-called “Act of Free Choice”. Indoctrinated and under strong threat and intimidation by the Indonesian military, they voted in favour of Indonesian rule. The rigged ‘referendum’ resulted in a 100% vote which saw the replacement of one colonial power (the Netherlands) by another (Indonesia). As a result, West Papuans lost their independence and self-determination. To control West Papua, Indonesia relays on brutal repression, covert military operations and the division of West Papua into three provinces. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Like Papua New Guinea, West Papua is rich in mineral and energy resources. Its resources exploited by multinational corporations, including Union Oil, Amoco, Agip, Conoco, Phillips, Esso, Texaco, Mobil, Shell, Petromer Trend Exploration, Atlantic Richfield, Sun Oil and Freeport-McMoran (USA); Oppenheimer (South Africa); Total (France); Ingold (Canada); Marathon Oil, Kepala Burung (UK); Dominion Mining, Aneka Tambang, BHP, Cudgen RZ, and CRA (Australia). The extracted billions in gold are shared between these corporations, the Indonesian military and Indonesia’s elites at the expense of the people of West Papua who remain poor, and their unique environment.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Freeport's Mt Ertsberg mine is the second largest copper mine in the world. It also contains the largest proven gold deposit in existence. Since 1967, Freeport-McMoran extracted more than $100 billions from West Papuan soil, value. The region around the mine is (military zone) closed off to outsiders, as well as to the traditional land owners who have been dispossessed. The mine is in the rugged central highlands of the Island at elevations of more than 13,500 feet above sea-level. Freeport is simply turning an entire mountain of gold and copper into an open pit. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;In the US, Freeport was known to be the largest polluter of land, air and water, both in terms of volume and toxicity, in the whole of North America. In addition to extracting the wealth of West Papua, Freeport has done irreparable destruction to the surrounding environment, including the logging of unique rainforest and the poisoning of nearby rivers. Other mines like Bougainville and Ok Tedi in Papua New Guinea have had similar effects. Furthermore, Freeport is the cause of thousands of West Papuan deaths, and continues to pay the Indonesian military for gross human rights abuses, including the killing on 11 November 2001 of Theys Eluay, the Chairman of the Papuan Presidium Council and pro-independence leader.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Successive Australian Governments not only turned blind eye to more than 40 years of human rights abuses and destruction of the environment in West Papua, but they also encouraged them. After more than two decades of supporting Indonesia’s brutal repression of East Timor, Australia benefited greatly from the independence of East Timor. Indeed, the Liberal Government of John Howard thrived and gained political mileage out of the “sadness and sorrow”. After leading the UN mission into East Timor, later Australia used East Timor’s weak position and government to carve up East Timor’ sea rights and oil resources at the expense of starving East Timorese. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;The granting of temporary visas to forty-two West Papuan refugees by the Australian Government was not out of compassion, but to foment trouble in West Papua, according to Indonesia’s intelligence. Australia is well-known for its inhumane and often brutal treatment of refugees. Many refugees have been denied their human rights and are incarcerated in remote camps around Australia and on off shore Islands. Human rights groups and church leaders have accused Australia of breaching international obligations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a result of it’s off shore detention of refugees. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Based on East Timor case before and after independence from Indonesia, Australia’s interference in the affairs of West Papua is purely self-interest and devoid of any moral principle. Despite mounting credible evidence, including refugees’ testimonies of ongoing gen&lt;a href="" name="01000001" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="" name="01000002" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;ocide and human rights abuses against the people of West Papua [1 &amp;amp; 2], the Australian Government failed in its obligation to protest to the Indonesian Government. Instead, the Australian Government encouraged Indonesia and continues to burry the truth about the situation in West Papua and beat the drums of US war in the Middle East.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;Manipulated by fear and a constant diet of racism promoted by the Government, ordinary Australians blindly trusted John Howard and thought that they could succeed simply by following his deceptive policies and distortion of facts. Today, Australians are “meaner”, more intolerant and less secure than before John Howard become Prime Minister. Poverty is on the rise and racism against minorities has increased and is now accepted as part of Australia’s Anglo-Saxon values. It is hard to think of any serious accomplishment of John Howard’s ten years in office. In the end there is nothing there for most Australians. The “anti-terrorism” laws have undermined basic legal rights and civil liberties and discriminate specifically against Muslim Australians. And the new industrial laws are so draconian that they dwarf the recently abandoned French First Employment Contract laws or CPE. No one expects Australians to be like the French, and the Australian Government implemented its new laws with ease. Dissent is no longer exists in Australia, passivity is. A once democracy turned into a police state by the power of one man.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;In the mean time, Australians have been entertained by the Government-appointed Cole Commission of inquiry. The Commission − with no power − supposed to investigate whether the Australian Wheat Board (AWB) had breached Australian laws by paying kickbacks (bribes) to the Iraqi government.&lt;!-- The inquiry was launched after UN investigator Paul Volcker released a damning finding that AWB had been the largest rorter of sanctions under the UN's oil-for-food program. --&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- Here is how it worked. Under UN sanctions following the 1990 Gulf war, Iraq's cash reserves were frozen. To prevent a humanitarian crisis, Saddam Hussein was allowed to sell oil, provided the proceeds were used only for basic supplies. Oil money was held in a UN account and Iraq negotiated contracts with companies for the supply of basic food. The UN's role was then to approve the contracts and release the money.But Saddam found a way to rort the system, raising money to rebuild his shattered palaces and dwindling weapons cache.From 1999, he imposed an ever-escalating series of transport and after-sales service fees. Suppliers such as AWB paid front companies for non-existent transport services and added the cost to the price of their goods. They did this because the Iraqis demanded it and they did not want to lose the lucrative contracts to rival suppliers.Of more than 3000 companies who sold to Iraq, 2253 paid kickbacks, the UN found. Saddam made $1.8 billion from the scam and, of this, AWB contributed almost $300 million.From the outset, AWB did not endear itself to the Cole inquiry. Early on, it emerged that whoever was to blame for the kickbacks, the company had a fair idea what was going on. AWB's own internal investigation — codenamed Project Rose — had been under way for about two years.There had been debate about how to approach the Cole inquiry. Corporate crisis guru Peter Sandman was summoned from the US. His theory was that AWB should throw itself upon the inquiry's mercy with a show of contrition that would lessen community outrage and soften any punishment. A statement of apology was drawn up and managing director Andrew Lindberg was chosen to deliver it. But Mr Lindberg, worried the apology went too far, chose to roll the dice instead.On day three of the inquiry, he became its first big-name witness. He seemed shocked at the rough and tumble of it all, and badly prepared as he stumbled through his evidence.AWB relied on Project Rose to show that it had taken steps to investigate rumours and allegations about its dealings in Iraq. Mr Lindberg, former chairman Trevor Flugge and current chairman Brendan Stewart wanted it known they had not turned a blind eye when kickback allegations surfaced. The only problem was that AWB claimed legal privilege over all documents relating to Project Rose.Mr Lindberg's strategy was to deny and deflect, a tactic AWB had repeatedly used to great success. Not this time.The first real question to Mr Lindberg by counsel assisting the inquiry, John Agius, began: &amp;quot;You weren't entirely truthful… &amp;quot; and they didn't get any better thereafter. Mr Lindberg said he had known nothing about the kickbacks until well after they stopped in 2003. During hours of unconvincing evidence, he used the phrases &amp;quot;I don't know&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;I don't recall&amp;quot; more than 200 times.But there were two crucial things Mr Lindberg hadn't reckoned on — the astonishing record-keeping of the modern corporation and the inconvenient evidence dished up by a series of whistleblowers. Three former employees, intimately involved in setting up the kickback payments, had turned on AWB, and they had documents to back their claims that responsibility for them went all the way to the top.Fourteen days into the inquiry, Mark Emons took the stand — the first former employee-turned-whistleblower to front the inquiry. In barely 60 minutes, he reduced Mr Lindberg's evidence to rubble and paved a difficult road for Mr Flugge, who would appear days later.Mr Emons told the commission he had consulted widely before setting up the payment scheme, including approaches to his boss, Nigel Officer, the company's managing director, Murray Rogers, and Mr Flugge.The Iraqis had given an ultimatum: pay the fees or else. How, these AWB men openly wondered in a series of emails, could such payments be made within UN sanctions?AWB executive Nigel Officer described the go-ahead to pay kickbacks as a &amp;quot;collective corporate decision.&amp;quot; Former AWB manager Michael Watson, another involved in setting up the payments said: &amp;quot;At all times, I believed that the payment of trucking fees was made with the knowledge and consent of AWB senior management.&amp;quot;All of them said it would have been inconceivable that a bunch of middle managers could establish a system that paid $290 million to Iraq in breach of UN sanctions without approval from the top.The trucking fees, paid to Jordanian trucking firm and Iraq front company Alia kept rising, from an initial $US12 to more than $US50 a tonne. By now there could be little doubt the money was not being used for trucking.In 2001, former AWB manager Dominic Hogan took the issue to his new boss, Charles Stott, telling him the fees were clearly an attempt by the Iraqis to extract more cash from the UN account. Mr Stott told him he was just speculating and to get on with business. Mr Hogan told the inquiry to press his concerns any further would have been &amp;quot;career suicide&amp;quot;.By the time Mr Flugge faced the inquiry, he was in all kinds of trouble. Characterised by several of the whistleblowers as a &amp;quot;hands-on&amp;quot; manager, Mr Flugge asked the inquiry to see him as a &amp;quot;figurehead&amp;quot; who did not concern himself with contract details.But if Mr Flugge heard no evil, he wasn't alone. Michael Watson described Mr Lindberg's style as &amp;quot;Teflon management&amp;quot;. As voluminous documents poured into the commission, they began to implicate more than just the AWB men. A picture developed of an uncomfortable closeness between the disgraced company and the Federal Government.AWB consistently lied to the Government while sheltering under its protection. It got away with it, because it was trusted.Wheat is big business for Australia, and the business generated by AWB was good. During the four years the company paid kickbacks to Saddam, AWB sold $2.3 billion in wheat to Iraq alone. Suggestions have been made, not least by the Opposition, that the Government might have turned a blind eye.During the inquiry, AWB has tried to use its close relationship with the Government to its advantage. After years of lying to it, lawyers for AWB executives have tried to draw attention to the evidence the Government held of their clients' misdeeds.How could their clients have misled and defrauded the Commonwealth, lawyers for Mr Lindberg and others asked, if the Commonwealth knew or should have known what they were doing?The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade had to sign off on AWB contracts before they were sent to the UN for approval — and, the commission heard, even a cursory examination would have shown AWB was charging much more for its Iraqi wheat than the going rate. But that examination was never performed, explained a string of bureaucrats, because the department was &amp;quot;only a postbox&amp;quot;.But Australia did have a legal obligation to ensure the contracts it approved and sent to the UN complied with sanctions — not just an obligation to the UN but one enshrined in Australian customs law.Mr Downer argued that it wasn't a real obligation: the UN was checking contracts and had set up an agency to police the oil-for-food program. And anyway, DFAT wasn't well equipped to investigate an Australian company. It left that to the UN.The UN's Felicity Johnston took a different view, telling ABC's Four Corners the Government could not avoid its responsibility. Australia's handling of the matter, she said, was &amp;quot;shameful&amp;quot;.Perhaps the most damning single piece of evidence before the inquiry was the January 13, 2000, cable sent by DFAT's Bronte Moules. The cable canvassed allegations made by Canada to the UN that Australia was paying kickbacks to Iraq. The UN had asked Ms Moules to investigate &amp;quot;at a high level&amp;quot;.Her message, quite simply, went to everyone that mattered. There was an audible intake of breath as the distribution list was flashed up on the big screen. In Parliament, Mr Downer said he had read it. Later, at the commission, he wasn't sure. Certainly, he said, he knew of the Canadian allegation. What did he do to investigate it, Mr Agius asked? Nothing.There were 21 cables in all — a litany of missed warnings. Then there was the intelligence — reams of it was sent to ministers' offices, including key details about Alia and its role in Iraq's rorting of sanctions.Much of the talk was of the so-called smoking gun. Prime Minister John Howard assured Australians there was no conclusive proof that the Government had been told. In truth, this was never the main game. But in staking his reputation on a denial of outright corruption, Mr Howard set the bar low and tried to shield his ministers and himself from the real issue — whether the failure to read warning signs and piece the evidence together about AWB's activities amounted to a gross dereliction of duty.The inquiry has raised plenty of questions about the Government — almost certainly more than Mr Howard would have desired. But there have been few answers. Was it blindly trusting, deaf in one ear or studiously looking the other way? By commission's end we will almost certainly be no wiser. Two things, however, are certain. The Australian Government failed in its legal obligation to ensure AWB complied with UN sanctions. And, while the inquiry can do many things, it cannot — given the powers John Howard gave it — make any determination on that matter. --&gt; &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="" name="01000003" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="" name="01000004" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="" name="01000005" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="" name="01000006" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The bribes allegedly paid to secure grain sale contracts to Iraq during the 13-years long genocidal sanctions − in which Australia was a full complicit − that killed an estimated 1.6 million Iraqis, a third of them children under the age of 5 years old. Corrupting the system was the only way available to the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein to break a deliberate mass genocide perpetuated by the Anglo-Saxon axis against the entire nation of Iraq. Instead of investigating the Howard Government corruption, the Commission is concentrating on Saddam Hussein. It is clear, the purpose of the farcical Commission is a smokescreen to bail the Howard Government and appease members of the US Congress and the UN. &lt;/div&gt;The Australian Government’s long record of collaboration with the Indonesian military and its support for many oppressive regimes around the world is against West Papuans’ aspirations for self-determination and national independence. Through peaceful struggle and negotiation, West Papua’s cry for freedom may not be too painful.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Global Research Contributing Editor Ghali Hassan lives in Perth, Western Australia.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4508084660334868421-8315730262965015655?l=imanuelvoice.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/feeds/8315730262965015655/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/west-papuas-cry-for-freedom.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/8315730262965015655'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/8315730262965015655'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/west-papuas-cry-for-freedom.html' title='West Papua’s Cry for Freedom'/><author><name>I've Community</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_dgGAJujlxn4/S5Dvj8_ahGI/AAAAAAAAAAY/46tSpsuokDc/S220/Penguins.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4508084660334868421.post-2810070403907624756</id><published>2010-03-04T20:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2010-03-04T20:17:06.250-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Asal mula Lautan</title><content type='html'>Permukaan bumi sebagian besar tertutup oleh lautan. Penelitian baru menduga, laut datang dari luar bumi. Ilmuwan sejak lama telah memperkirakan, bumi dan planet tetangganya saat awal terbentuknya mengalami puluhan ribu tabrakan benda angkasa. Adanya jurang di bulan menunjukkan hujan komet itu. &lt;div style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px 24px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span id="more-2251" style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Studi terbaru mendapati, komet adalah yang membawa lautan ke bumi sekitar 3,85 miliar tahun lalu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px 24px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"&gt;Kesimpulan itu berdasarkan tingkatan logam yang ada di bebatuan bumi kuno yang dilakukan tim dipimpin oleh Uffe Jorgensen dari Niels Bohr Institute di Denmark.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px 24px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"&gt;“Apakah bumi telah memiliki lautan sebelum hujan komet menjadi perdebatan sengit,” kata Jorgensen.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px 24px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"&gt;Beberapa pakar mengatakan sudah tersedia cukup air saat bumi terbentuk. Namun sebagian ilmuwan lain menyatakan panas pada planet muda akan menguapkan semua air yang ada.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px 24px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"&gt;Tim yang dipimpin Jorgensen menyimpulkan bumi muda terlalu panas untuk mempertahankan air yang ada. Namun di masa hujan komet, suhu bumi menjadi turun dan air yang meleleh dari komet menjadi lautan pertama.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px 24px 0px 0px; text-align: justify;"&gt;“Kita mungkin merasakan rasa bekas komet itu tiap kali minum air,” kata peneliti studi yang akan dipublikasikan di journal Icarus.&lt;/div&gt;Jorgensen dan koleganya mencapai kesimpulan itu dengan mengukur tingkat iridium di pegunungan Greenland. Bebatuan itu merupakan salah satu yang tertua di dunia dari masa hujan komet.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/4508084660334868421-2810070403907624756?l=imanuelvoice.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/feeds/2810070403907624756/comments/default' title='Poskan Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/asal-mula-lautan.html#comment-form' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/2810070403907624756'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/4508084660334868421/posts/default/2810070403907624756'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://imanuelvoice.blogspot.com/2010/03/asal-mula-lautan.html' title='Asal mula Lautan'/><author><name>I've Community</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_dgGAJujlxn4/S5Dvj8_ahGI/AAAAAAAAAAY/46tSpsuokDc/S220/Penguins.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
